Preconcentration and determination of palladium water samples by ionic liquid - dispersive liquid liquid microextraction combined with flame atomic absorption spectrometry

A simple, rapid and efficient dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction by use of ionic liquid (IL-DLLME)method, followed by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS) was developed for the preconcentrationand determination of palladium in water samples. In this method, an appropriate mixture of acetone and octylmethyl imidazolium hexafluorophosphate was injected rapidly into the aqueous sample containingpalladium-DDTC complex, as a result cloudy mixture was formed. After extraction of palladium complexinto fine droplet, the mixture was centrifuged. As a result, fine organic drop was setteled in the bottom of testtube. After remove of aqueous solution and dilution of organic phase; it was introduced into the flame atomicabsorption by microsampler injector. Several parameters influencing the microextraction efficiency, such asthe nature and volume of organic solvent, pH of aqueous solution, amount of complexing agent, stirring rateand extraction time were investigated and optimized. The applicability of technique was evaluated bydetermination of trace amounts of palladium in several water samples. Under the optimum conditions, theenhancement factor was 83. The limit of detection, 2.8 μgL−1 and relative standard deviation (RSD) 4.31 %(n=10) were obtained.